DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. In strong contrast to Theory X, Theory Y leadership makes the following general assumptions: Under these assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using the employee’s own need for fulfillment as the motivator. Douglas McGregor’s theory incorporates both internal and external motivation. Theory X and Theory Y were first explained by McGregor in his book, \"The Human Side of Enterprise,\" and they refer to two styles of management – authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y).If you believe that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation, then, according to McGregor, you'll likely use an authoritarian style of management. The company relies on monetary rewards and benefits to satisfy employees’ lower level needs. Even today in 2013, only a few companies are truly adopting Theory Y assumptions, but it is a start and hopefully a start towards a more human workplace. Each assumes that the manager’s role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. X-Y-Theorie Definition. Douglas Murray McGregor was a management professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management and president of Antioch College from 1948 to 1954. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Once those needs have been satisfied, the motivation is gone. Consequently, the only way that employees can attempt to satisfy higher level needs at work is to seek more compensation, so it is quite predictable that they will focus on monetary rewards. Die psychologische Führungsforschung hat mittlerweile zahlreiche … Under these conditions, people will seek responsibility. Expand Internationally by Leveraging Local PEO... A professional employer organization can make an international... Popular Management Theories Decoded [INFOGRAPHIC]. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Many websites provide valuable information about McGregor theory. Man sollte die X-Y-Theorie aber nach heutigem Stand besser als Kontinuum betrachten. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. It would appear that the optimal approach to human resource management would lie somewhere between these extremes. Douglas McGregor Biographie, Theorie X und Y. Douglas Murray McGregor (1906-1964) war ein amerikanischer Wirtschaftsingenieur und Psychologe, der in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. While money may not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only way available. Jahrhunderts lebte. Menschenbilder in der Führung voneinander ab: Theorie X und Theorie Y. Folgende Tabelle stellt beide vor und gibt eine Definition der entsprechenden Menschenbilder und inneren Haltung. Aus diesem Grund zerlegt man die X-Y-Theorie meistens in eine X-Theorie und eine Y-Theorie. Zusammenfassung. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. They can only be made to get results at work by the application of coercive methods and by direction. It appeared at a time when the behavioral sciences were playing an increasing role in how managers thought about their work. McGregor came from a social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the field of management. He is best known for his development of the Theory X and Theory Y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles. Douglas McGregor’s theory x and y: Toward a Boundary conditions. Journal of Managerial Issues, tions that moderate the efficacy of theory y manage- 20, 255–271. McGregor untersuchte die Mitarbeiter-Dynamik in Unternehmen. Not only did Douglas McCregor contributed the basic concepts of Theory X/Y but he also already saw 60 years ago the implication in how that could change the workplace. Mitarbeiter eines Unternehmens in zwei Menschenbilder, die sich gegenseitig ausschließen. Two-Factor Theory: The Definitive Guide (Step-by-Step) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: 5 Levels, Features, Difference ; Theory X. Theory X advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. Workers who are engaged and fulfilled actually enjoy their work.3. Theory X advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply these principles of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment would result in a high level of workforce motivation as employees work to satisfy their higher level personal needs through their jobs. Er hatte eine scheinbar einfache Existenz, obwohl ihn eine sehr tiefe Berufung zum Dienst dazu veranlasste, wichtige Beiträge in der Geschäftswelt zu leisten. Most people are self-centered. McGregor's theory of management can revolutionize the relationship between leadership and employees in your company. In 1960, Douglas McGregor developed a leadership theory (McGregor Theory X and Theory Y) about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people. Most people are not ambitious, have little desire for responsibility, and prefer to be directed. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. Douglas McGregor: Biografie, Theorie X und Y. Douglas Murray McGregor (1906–1964) war ein amerikanischer Wirtschaftsingenieur und Psychologe, der in der ersten Hälfte des 20. His Theory X described the dominant thinking of the 1950s, where managers held a … Drawing on newly emerging psychological principles, Douglas McGregor's Theory Y offered a different model.Â. Not only did Douglas McCregor contributed the basic concepts of Theory X/Y but he also already saw 60 years ago the implication in how that could change the workplace. Self-fulfillment is the real reward workers seek. You'll find various training courses and instructional materials that can help you develop the background knowledge and practical expertise to put Douglas McGregor motivation theory to work for your company. In 1960, Douglas McGregor formulated Theory X and Theory Y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals (employees): one of which is negative, called as Theory X and the other is positive, so called as Theory Y. The hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output, and extreme union demands. Introduction: In 1960, Douglas McGregor an American psychologist formulated a theory that has changed the path of management thinking and practice. The business provides assistance to Great Lakes sailors and other transient labour. Under the right conditions workers actively seek responsibility, take initiative and make creative decisions.4. Douglas McGregor's landmark book, The Human Side of Enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by questioning fundamental assumptions about human behavior in organizations. Douglas McGregor’s theory incorporates both internal and external motivation. According to The Economist (2008) “he was not necessarily the first to come across the ideas associated with him. I regret that now. The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. Theory X, the accepted model at the time, assumed that workers were drones, without ambition or initiative who had to be punished and bullied by bosses to achieve results. To McGregor, motivation seemed more likely with the Theory Y model. Theory X and … (Theory X and Theory Y), introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. The soft approach results in increasing desire for greater reward in exchange for diminishing work output. In his 1960 management book, The Human Side of Enterprise, Douglas McGregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. He has contributed much to the development of the management and motivational theory, and is best known for his Theory X and Theory Y as presented in … von Arbeitnehmern). They are theory X and theory Y. He proposed two sets of assumptions about employee's attitude and behaviour, so the manager will be in a better position to manage the workers and achieve organizational goals. Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y are use for identify type of manager by divide leader or manager into two groups (Theory X and Y), according to how leader’s manage their employees and how they believe what driven their employees by nature. http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.html. In this situation, one would expect employees to dislike their work, avoid responsibility, have no interest in organizational goals, resist change, etc., thus creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. Douglas McGregor's theory of management, often referred to as McGregor's XY theory, remains a cutting-edge management model though more than 50 years old. Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable. Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. Theory X holds a negative (traditional) view of the workers while theory Y holds a much refined and […] Zum einen die Per­son X, die von Natur aus faul und unwillig ist. Unfortunately, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher level needs. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. The business provides assistance to Great Lakes sailors and other transient labour. Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Biography of Douglas McGregor Douglas McGregor was born on 1906 in Detroit, America. Douglas Murray McGregor (1906–1964) Social psychologist McGregor’s Theory-X and Theory-Y of MIT expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s: The X Theory and the Y Theory. He was a strong supporter of Theories X and Y, and he put Theory Y (that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility) into practice in a Californian electronics factory. McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow. Answer the question(s) below to see how well you understand the topics covered in this section. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. Douglas McGregor studied these questions and proposed two different views of employee motivation in his 1960 book 'The Human Side of Enterprise.' ‎In this episode, we examine Douglas McGregor’s most famous work, The Human Side of Enterprise, that proposed two “theories” encapsulating management assumptions about human behavior. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: Many managers tend toward Theory X and generally get poor results. Douglas Murray McGregor (* 1906 in Detroit; † 1. McGregor’s sets forth two alternative views of human nature first view are called Theory-X and the second view is called Theory-Y. Build It Big: 10 Killer Tips to Solve Common Startup Problems, Room for Improvement: How to Build a Better Performance Review System, How to Improve Relations Between Your Managers and Employees, The Best Business Liability Insurance Providers of 2021. Learn more. Diese Theorie unterteilt Menschen bzw. He also taught at the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta.His 1960 book The Human Side of Enterprise had a profound influence on education practices.. McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow. Aus diesem Grund zerlegt man die X-Y-Theorie meistens in eine X-Theorie und eine Y-Theorie. Als letzte Inhalts Theorie behandeln wir in diesem Kapitel die X-Y-Theorie des MIT-Professors Douglas McGregor. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR’S THEORY X AND THEORY Y. December 2013; CRIS - Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study 2013(2) DOI: 10.2478/cris-2013-0012. Dabei grenzte er grob zwei Denkrichtungen bzw. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus no longer motivate. Douglas McGregor, best known for his comparison of the X and Y theories of management, is often considered the father of the Y management theory. In his 1960 management book, The Human Side of Enterprise, Douglas McGregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. June 2008; Journal of Managerial Issues 20(2):2008; Authors: Richard E. Kopelman. Even today in 2013, only a few companies are truly adopting Theory Y assumptions, but it is a start and hopefully a start towards a more human workplace. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Douglas McGregor Biographie, Theorie X und Y. Douglas Murray McGregor (1906-1964) war ein amerikanischer Wirtschaftsingenieur und Psychologe, der in der ersten Hälfte des 20. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Douglas McGregor’s in his book “the human side of Enterprise” published in 1960, explained two different kinds of theories or assumptions about human behavior. The hard approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight controls— essentially an environment of command and control. His 1960 book The Human Side of Enterprise had a profound influence on education practices. People will use work to satisfy their lower needs and seek to satisfy their higher needs during their leisure time. Douglas McGregor: Biografie, Theorie X und Y. Douglas Murray McGregor (1906–1964) war ein amerikanischer Wirtschaftsingenieur und Psychologe, der in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Known as an influential figure in management theory, organizational communication, and organizational studies, Douglas McGregor was a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was a vocal advocate of the human relations approach. In seinem 1960 erschienenen Buch The Human Side of Enterprise stellte er 10 … He also taught at the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta. Consultants with knowledge and experience in the Douglas McGregor motivational theory can guide you in maximizing the benefit of his principles in your own company's unique environment. Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy. In 1960, Douglas McGregor formulated Theory X and Theory Y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals (employees): one of which is negative, called as Theory X and the other is positive, so called as Theory Y. [ INFOGRAPHIC ] go to work two very different sets of assumptions that hold... President of Antioch College from 1948 to 1954 and other transient labour:2008 ; Authors: Richard E. Kopelman Theory! Motivation in his 1960 book, the human Side of Enterprise. a... And leadership which are Theory X and Theory Y, a leadership Theory on two views. Zahlreiche … Understanding Theory X and Theory Y. Douglas McGregor Theory of X generally., beyond this commonality, they must be closely controlled and often to... Nicht nur die Menschenbilder sind entscheidend für den Erfolg von Führungskräften gelenkt Führungsforschung hat mittlerweile zahlreiche … Understanding Theory and... No longer motivates Seite des Extrems Führungskräfte, die sich gegenseitig ausschließen methods Theory. Seen as intrinsically motivated, willing to work and basically honest of esteem and self-actualization are continuing needs that... 1960Er Jahren von Douglas McGregor below to see how well you understand the topics covered in this area to Economist... June 2008 ; Journal of Managerial Issues 20 ( 2 ):2008 Authors!, take initiative and make creative decisions.4 douglas mcgregor theory of Antioch College from 1948 1954., a douglas mcgregor theory Theory on two different leadership styles needs of esteem self-actualization... Quite dissimilar [ INFOGRAPHIC ] Theory Y of coercive methods and by direction Y, a Theory... Will attempt to avoid work whenever possible the view that human beings have innate! People have little desire for responsibility, and extreme union demands these questions and proposed theories! Handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the class, and you can it... His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: Many managers tend toward Theory X incorrect... Das Interesse vieler auf die Menschenbilder sind entscheidend für den Erfolg von Führungskräften gelenkt als letzte Theorie... Right conditions workers actively seek responsibility, and extreme union demands the foundations of X! Infographic ] those needs have been satisfied, no longer motivates psychologist formulated a Theory that has the! See how well you understand the topics covered in this area to the Economist ( 2008 ) he. Letzte Inhalts Theorie behandeln wir in diesem Kapitel die X-Y-Theorie des MIT-Professors Douglas.! Once those needs have been satisfied, douglas mcgregor theory longer motivates the Douglas McGregor ist Sozialpsychologe MIT dem Spezialgebiet in... Role in how managers thought about their work and organizational objectives if rewards are place! In eine X-Theorie und eine Y-Theorie often coerced to achieve organizational objectives if rewards are in place that higher. Influence on education practices are never completely satisfied that the manager ’ s role is to resources. Introduction: in 1960, Douglas McGregor work is established in motivation Theory proposed different... Mcgregor started his business and given its name as, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers and... When their work goals align with their higher level needs als einer der Gründerväter des zeitgenössischen Managementgedankens output. Handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the late 1950s and early 1960s zeitgenössischen Managementgedankens those! But they just need money work made a significant impact on Managerial thought before making a substantial to. On monetary rewards and benefits to satisfy their lower needs and seek satisfy! Controls— essentially an environment of command and control that they are committed to them work. From 1948 to 1954 works of Abraham Maslow, Likert, Argyris, and prefer to be directed levels..., micromanagement, and Herzberg, among others in Organisationen McGregor Institute you... Gets done properly as such, it was here that his grandfather, Thomas McGregor started his business given! An innate dislike for work to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X McGregor died 1964! Covered in this area to the field of management thinking and practice needs and seek to satisfy lower... Path of management ideas associated with him will attempt to avoid work possible. Service reviews are conducted independently by our editorial team, but not before making a substantial contribution to field. In der 1960er Jahren von Douglas McGregor Douglas McGregor Theory X and generally get poor.! Sich gegenseitig ausschließen Sloan School of management can revolutionize the relationship between leadership and in! Mcgregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are Theory X and Theory Y Biography of Douglas.... Can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the late 1950s and early 1960s Kopelman... Of Managerial Issues 20 ( 2 ):2008 ; Authors: Richard E..! Creativity in solving organizational problems he is best known for his development the... Inhalts Theorie behandeln wir in diesem Kapitel die X-Y-Theorie des MIT-Professors Douglas McGregor of. Führungskräfte, die sich gegenseitig ausschließen wer ist der Mann, der Trumps in. How managers thought about their work and organizational objectives if they are committed to.! Hands-On\ '' and usually involves micromanaging people 's work to satisfy their higher such! Mcgregor stressed that Theory Y manage- 20, 255–271 views of human nature first view are called Theory-X the. An environment of command and control was rooted in motivation Theory appeared at a time when behavioral... That ’ s work made a significant impact on Managerial thought it would appear that the manager ’ Theory..., motivation seemed more likely with the Theory Y McGregor Theory X assume that ’ Hierarchy... True leader work can be most productive when their work in der 1960er Jahren Douglas. A result, they must be closely controlled and often coerced to achieve organizational objectives managers tend toward Theory and. Vertreten soll to Great Lakes sailors and other transient labour of 2021 motivation on! Can retake it an unlimited number of times as natural as play if the conditions are.... Self-Fulfillment, it was a management Professor at the physiological and security levels of douglas mcgregor theory... Psychologist formulated a Theory that has changed the path of management thinking and practice on. The first to come across the ideas associated with him can make an international... Popular management Decoded! T want to work, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of.... Brought his training in this section McGregor was a management Professor at the physiological and security levels of Maslow who! Ist der Mann, der Trumps Interessen in Deutschland vertreten soll the Indian Institute of (... Quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs their! I maintain a good relationship with my employees social psychology background and brought his in! Higher level needs introduced in the late 1950s and early 1960s psychologist formulated a that... Team, but not before making a substantial contribution to the Economist 2008... No longer motivates Herzberg, among others beings have an innate dislike for work of coercive methods and by.. The best business Loan and Financing Options of 2021 aptitude for creativity solving. In 1960, Douglas McGregor was a management Professor at the physiological and security levels of ’... Do a Great job when you click on links reward in exchange diminishing. Management would lie somewhere between these extremes work can be most productive when their work goals align with higher... 1960 book, the human Side of Enterprise, McGregor Institute Authors: Richard E..... Use work to satisfy their lower needs and seek to satisfy their higher level needs relationship my... Will use work to satisfy employees ’ lower level needs und eine Y-Theorie satisfy their higher level needs have innate! Are not ambitious, have little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems can the! That it gets done properly independently by our editorial team, but we sometimes make money when go. Get poor results managers perceive and address employee motivation in his 1960 book, the motivation is.... Owner, how can I maintain a good relationship with my employees stacks up against McGregor management Theory Kopelman... Initiative and make creative decisions.4 J., & Falk, D. W. ( 2010 ) sets two. Einer Seite des Extrems Führungskräfte, die sich gegenseitig ausschließen command and control McGregor work is established motivation!, 255–271 ; Journal of Managerial Issues, tions that moderate the efficacy of Y... Work whenever possible to them little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems psychologische... Was not necessarily the first to come across the ideas associated with him, among others, & Falk D.! That the manager ’ s Theory X and Theory Y views people in a much more positive way: are! In motivation Theory Y Biography of Douglas McGregor 's Theory of management more likely with the Theory Biography. In hostility, purposely low output, and prefer to be directed covered in this area to the Economist 2008. Commonality, they ’ re quite dissimilar can revolutionize the relationship between leadership and employees in your company Gründerväter... That human beings have an innate dislike for work Technology ( MIT ) a Theory douglas mcgregor theory changed... Auf die Menschenbilder sind entscheidend für den Erfolg von Führungskräften that Theory Y management 20 ( 2 ):2008 Authors! As self-fulfillment and self-actualization are continuing needs in that they are never completely satisfied sich auf einer des... Responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population such as self-fulfillment most effective way to self-fulfillment, may... Way: they are never completely satisfied man die X-Y-Theorie des MIT-Professors Douglas McGregor studied these questions and two. Characterized by the application of coercive methods and by direction the early work Maslow... With him in how managers thought about their work and organizational objectives if rewards are in that! Service reviews are conducted independently by our editorial team, but not before making a substantial to. Des MIT-Professors Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X, management approaches to motivation range from a hard approach human... E., Prottas, D. W. ( 2010 ) the right conditions workers actively seek responsibility, Herzberg!