The Arboretum is also in charge of the Ontario Tree Atlas Projectwhic… Regionally, this species may be known as the rock maple or hard maple. The green leaves turn yellow or brownish-gold in fall. Forest understory, hillsides and stream edges; Saskatchewan east to Newfoundland, south to northeastern US. vine maple, Acer circinatum, and mountain maple, A. spicatum). Eastern Woodlands were the first to develop maple sugaring technologies; when Europeans arrived, the First Nations sold large quantities of maple sugar to the fur trading posts. While it can make a good large shade tree in the right circumstances, this is not a tree that is very tolerant of urban conditions. Fall foliage is variable, ranging from an ordinary green to shades of yellow and red. These trees are commonly native to North Temperate regions and most of them are popularly cultivated for their attractive foliage and incredible height. The leaves are less like the classic maple, more closely resembling the leaves of ivies or ash trees (another common name for this plant is ivy-leaved maple). J.L. Two outbreaks have occurred in Ontario so far – the latest in 2013 in Malton, where 7,500 trees were removed in an effort to contain the insect. Shade tolerant, growing in cool, moist areas from Nova Scotia and Quebec’s Gaspe Peninsula west to Saskatchewan, and south in the US as far as Georgia. Many people decide to plant maples because they work well as shade, street, and specimen trees. Introducing "One Thing": A New Video Series, The Spruce Gardening & Plant Care Review Board, The Spruce Renovations and Repair Review Board. The fibrous inner bark Most of the maple species are deciduous woody plants, ranging from multi-stemmed shrubs to large upright trees with massive trunks. The undersides of this maple tree's leaves are silver and flash attractively in the wind. are commonly found in Ontario: sugar, black, red silver, mountain, striped, and two imports, Manitoba and Norway. Ten maple species are native to Canada, perhaps the best known being sugar maple (Acer saccharum) of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. ginnala. Maples are trees and shrubs in the genus Acer, previously classified within the maple family Aceraceae, but now placed by some taxonomists in Sapindaceae (Soapberry family), which also includes horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastaneum). vine maple, Acer circinatum, and mountain maple, A. spicatum). It has since become one of the most prevalent trees. Maple trees are deciduous trees, which belong to the Aceraceae family, and have about 128 different species. Maple trees are members of the genus Acer, which includes a lot of variety in size, shape, color, and growth habit. The Amur maple is one of the smaller trees in the Acer genus. It is a very aromatic tree with sticky sap. Tall, spreading tree; dark green leaves are very large with five lobes, and turn golden yellow in the fall; yellowish flowers grow in drooping clusters; maple keys are hairy with wings usually angled at about 45°. Comfort Maple is a 500-year-old sugar maple tree in Ontario, Canada. Male We are studying elms to try to develop trees that are resistant to Dutch Elm Disease and yet are genetically diverse (Elm Recovery Project). S. Katz (1991). Maples are generally deciduous, with light-coloured, straight-grained wood. The paperbark maple is often chosen for a landscape because of its cinnamon or reddish-brown colored bark that peels away from the trunk, even when the tree is young. Instead, as the scientific and common names note, the foliage more closely resembles that of the hornbeam tree (Carpinus spp.). The fall colours are due to the production of pigments called anthocyanins (responsible for the red colours) and/or the presence of carotenoids (orange and yellow) in the leaves after the green chlorophyll breaks down. The silver maple is found south from Ontario, throughout the Eastern United States and into Florida. Small tree or large shrub with short, crooked trunk, often multi-stemmed; leaves are yellowish green above and whitish below, with three lobes, and turn yellow or brown in the fall; light yellow flowers grow in dense, upright spikes; maple key Conifers are also known as softwoods. Note that the Norway Maple leaf has more points than the Sugar Maple leaf. Leaves turn yellow in the fall. in a range of habitats and at varying altitudes but prefer deep, moist, fertile soils. The dark-green leaves are quite large, with five lobes, but there is no fall color to speak of—the foliage remains green or may turn a yellowish-brown. This can be a somewhat difficult plant to find for sale, but it can make a good small tree or large shrub in the landscape. As with many widespread species, this tree carries several regional common names, such as soft maple, creek maple, river maple, white maple, and water maple. Types of Acer Maple Trees. In some areas it can be invasive, so check first with your local extension office before planting. Climate change, resulting in warmer, drier weather overall, is perhaps the greatest threat to Canadian maples. O'Hagan Trees sells a variety of trees including Maples, Oaks, Birches, Fruit Trees and More! The Amur maple is one of the smaller trees in the Acer genus, growing either as a spreading multi-stem shrub or a small tree with a dense, rounded crown. Maple trees are used widely in landscape works as well as in the home garden. Also, click on "major plant groups" at the bottom of the page to browse descriptions of species of interest. Red Maple Tree Varieties. The 'Embers' and 'Flame' varieties have especially vibrant fall colors in both leaves and fruit. They have flat, scale-like leaves, with small cones. Spring foliage is burgundy, turning green in summer, then yellow or yellow-orange in fall. The black maple is a large, deciduous tree 60 to 80 ft in height with a dense, rounded crown and a straight trunk up to 4 ft in diameter. In a neglected yard, seedlings may quickly spout up and overtake a landscape. All trees in Canada can be distinguished as being a conifer or deciduous tree. While it is a good idea to keep most landscape trees properly watered throughout the growing season, a maple will produce its best fall color if watering is withheld in the last weeks of summer and early fall. Maples are well known to Indigenous peoples in Canada, and are named in many Indigenous languages. Located five minutes outside of Peterborough, Ontario. The spout which is inserted into the tree when tapping maple trees for sap is called a spile. Large branching, straight-trunked tree; leaves have five pointed lobes, and turn brilliant red in the fall; flowers are tiny, bell-shaped, and long-stalked; clustered maple keys have U-shaped wings that grow slightly apart. A variety of habitats from swamps to dry woods, widely ranging over eastern North America. Vine maple leaves have seven to nine lobes and turn bright red or yellow in the fall. On the west coast, however, the bigleaf maple, equally vibrant, turns bright golden yellow. Trees & Shrubs - Trees This is a list of Trees in order by the Common Name that is used for each species on this site. Ailanthus (Ailanthus altissima) Apple, Common (Malus pumila) Ash, Black (Fraxinus nigra) Ash, Blue (Fraxinus quadrangulata) Ash, Pumpkin (Fraxinus profunda) Ash, Red (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) Ash, White (Fraxinus americana) Small, shrub-like tree with distinctive vertically striped bark; leaves are broad and soft with three shallow lobes, and turn golden yellow in the fall; light yellow flowers grow in drooping clusters, with male and female flowers on different trees; The Sugar Maple is a very popular choice for Southwestern Ontario because it is tolerant to a variety of soils. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. The paperbark maple is an excellent specimen tree for small landscapes, especially when planted near a deck or patio where it can be appreciated. Deciduous trees are often called broadleaf trees because most shed their leaves in autumn. Red maple tree (Acer rubrum) varieties have distinctive palmate-shaped, green foliage that turns brilliant shades of red in fall. Eastern flowering dogwood. This is especially true when it comes to identifying trees such as oak and maple trees that have lobed leaves. Maples found in Canada range from trees 40 metres or more tall (e.g., bigleaf maple, Acer macrophyllum) to shrubs less than 10 metres high (e.g. Nearly all maple trees are deciduous and are generally a fairly hardy long lived tree. The leaf of the maple tree is a key part of Canada’s flag. maple key wings are angled at about 145°. Balsam Fir have flat 2-4 cm long, dark green needles. In shape and size, this small tree looks similar to the Japanese maple and may be used in a similar way as a specimen tree. Its leaves are nothing like what you expect from a maple. Acer pensylvanicum (striped maple or moosewood). The Asian long-horned beetle has a diverse diet that, ominously, includes maple. They are a major constituent of many temperate forests. It’s hard to imagine Canada without a maple tree. Always check the behavior of the maple species you are considering before planting it. Maple Wilt. This medium-sized shade tree has an attractive dense crown that is symmetrically round, but it is a shallow-rooted tree. Its leaves generally have three lobes when the tree is young but the leaves on mature trees are not lobed. Chokecherry. This is a small rounded tree with narrow upright branches. Three-lobed (or sometimes five-lobed) green leaves usually turn reddish in fall, though the particular hues can be unpredictable. The vine leaf maple features leaves with three parts, a structure known as trifoliate. They turn yellowish or brown in the fall; flowers are densely clustered; maple keys are very large, with wings up to 5 cm The fruits (known as samaras or maple keys) are produced in winged pairs (rarely in threes). Nutrition, Botany and Use,” in Food and Nutrition in History and Anthropology, ed. The red spring buds turn into red seed structure (samaras) hanging from reddish twigs. Maples yield wood used by Indigenous peoples for many purposes, from basketry to fish traps, snowshoes, bows, spear handles, paddles, and spindle whorls. It is 80 feet tall and 20 feet in circumference at the base. It has the biggest leaves of any maple; the classic five-lobed, palm-shape leaves can be over 12 inches wide. It has been used by virtually all Indigenous peoples within the tree’s range, being rendered into syrup and sugar by Haudenosaunee, This is … It can also be used as a street tree if the power lines are high enough. deciduous, with light-coloured, straight-grained wood. Maples found in Canada range from trees 40 metres or more tall (e.g., bigleaf maple, Acer macrophyllum) to shrubs less than 10 metres high (e.g. There are approximately 150 species of maple around the world, most in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, and the majority native to eastern Asia. Leaf margins are classified by the type of edging that may be lobed, smooth, or toothed. In fall, this tree turns attractive shades of yellow, orange, or red. Harriet V. Kuhnlein and Nancy J. Turner, “Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples. Maple Syrup: Maple tree sap starts running as the spring warmer weather approaches and the sun is higher in the sky.Tapping into the sugar maple tree species produces a clear watery sap with a light woody taste. It is a fast-growing but short-lived maple, and in favorable conditions, it may grow as much as 80 feet in height. Slow growing; prefers a sheltered site. There are approximately 128 species, most of which are native to Asia, with a number also appearing in Europe, northern Africa, and North America.Only one species, Acer laurinum, extends to the Southern Hemisphere. Fall colors vary considerably depending on cultivar; yellows, red-purples, and bronze hues are all available. Fern leaf maple Acer japonicum 'Aconitifolium' 5m tall: zone 5: Broad, deeply cut green leaves turn a brilliant scarlet in the fall. The Japanese maple is a staple in many Japanese gardens, as well as in the world of bonsai. It also features beautiful, vibrant colours in most seasons. It’s sturdy and doesn’t have an aggressive root system. Trees available for pickup or delivery! The leafstalks are long and slender, and the blades palmately veined, meaning each has several main veins, all extending from the The hard, fine-grained wood of the larger Canadian maples is widely used for manufacturing furniture, flooring, and interior woodwork, as well as for bowls, toys, musical instruments, plywood and veneer. Turner, Nancy J.. "Maple Trees in Canada". The sycamore maple is one of the more massive maples, featuring a dense rounded crown. While most maple leaves are single-bladed, with three to nine pointed lobes, the Manitoba maple (Acer negundo) has compound leaves, with three to nine leaflets arranged along a central stalk. Shade tolerant, growing in moist floodplains and bottomlands, in southeastern hardwood forests from Ottawa to Montreal, and south in US to Tennessee. A Japanese maple can be a focal point in many different types of garden designs. Native Trees of Southwestern Ontario including pictures of white birch, blue beech, bitternut hickory, pignut hickory, big shellbark hickory, shagbark hickory, chestnut, hackberry, redbud and … Conifers are often called evergreens or needle-leaved trees (although there always exceptions). In some areas, this tree is known as the planetree maple. Barbara Gillette is a Master Gardener, Herbalist, beekeeper, and journalist with decades of experience propagating and growing fruits, vegetables, herbs, and ornamentals. The silver maple is one of the trees you are most likely to see throughout the U.S., since it naturalizes very easily and grows very quickly. Sugar Maple is one of Toronto’s best-loved trees. The three-lobed leaves are medium green on the top surfaces, with bottom surfaces that are gray-green. Upright, multi-branched habit. This species is closely related to the Amur maple. Acer / ˈ eɪ s ər / is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples.The genus is placed in the family Sapindaceae. Sugar Maple is a tree that impresses with its amazing fall color. Another desirable trait is the ability of many maples to tolerate drought. The leaves typically have more lobes than other maples, and a finer texture. The \"Embers\" and \"Flame\" varieties have especially vibrant fall colors in both leaves and fruit. Ten maple species are native to Canada. Common hoptree. Douglas maple leaves have three to five lobes and their maple keys are paired in a V-shape. Reds return to the tree with the fall color change. For hardness, strength and beauty, SUGAR MAPLE sur passes all other species. There is nothing more Canadian than a Sugar Maple tree, as its leaf is proudly displayed in the centre of our country’s flag. Farrar, J. L., Trees in Canada (1995). Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map. produce wood with contorted grain patterns – known as “bird’s eye maple” – that is in demand by woodworkers. This medium-sized maple is a common landscape tree in North America, a classic shade tree with a rounded or oval-shaped crown. Innu, and Algonquin as well as various American groups. Eastern hemlock. Fall color is stimulated by the slight stress that occurs when climate conditions become dry, and if you irrigate a maple too diligently, its fall color may be disappointing. in mid-western North America, and the only maple with pinnately compound leaves. long. The fast-growing tree, which is a cross between the red and silver maple, offers the best of both worlds. Maple trees include a sizable number of species in the genus Acer within the plant family Aceraceae. From the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK and the Missouri Botanical Garden in the US. Hummingbirds and other birds also like maple flower nectar. Acer glabrum (Douglas or Rocky Mountain maple). Known either as Norway maple or European maple, this popular species was brought to North America from Europe in the 18th century. The species and common names for this maple come from the fact that the leaves are similar to those of the sycamore (Platanus). Because the tree is so fast growing, the wood is brittle and branches break off without warning, according to “The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Trees of the World,” by Tony Russel, Catherine Cutler and Martin Walters. Cucumber tree. In. chipmunks and mice, and the young twigs and leaves are eaten by deer and moose. It is regarded as the oldest maple in Canada. Other varieties usually feature yellow hues in fall. We would like to provide you with information on these ten native maples that grow from Newfoundland & Labrador westwards to the Pacific coast. This edition has been prepared by B. H. McGauley and C. S. Most, especially those celebrated in Canada’s eastern hardwood forests, display brilliant reds and oranges. While all maple tree sap contains sugar, the sap of the sugar maple has the highest concentration. Cherry birch. One of the most common maple tree diseases is known as maple wilt. Maple is one of the most popular trees in Canada. Big leaf maple is a massive, thick-bodied tree with furrowed gray or reddish-brown bark. Particularly frightening is the prospect of a possible invasion by the Asian long-horned beetle. Best of the Best: Maples With Great Fall Color, 40 Species of Pines From Around the World, 10 Species of Linden Trees for Your Landscape, 12 Trees With Brilliant Fall Color Plus Other Advantages, 12 Common Species of Willow Trees and Shrubs, 12 Common Species of Magnolia Trees and Shrubs. Small spreading tree; leaves are compound, each with three to seven (rarely nine) leaflets, and turn yellow in the fall; white flowers are densely clustered and without petals; maple key wings are paired in V-shape. 'Crimson King' is one of the most popular varieties; it features very attractive maroon leaves throughout the growing season, but the fall color is unremarkable, turning a grayish color. This tree does well with urban conditions like salt and pollution. Balsam Fir. The interesting bark provides plenty of winter interest. Learn more about native trees for the London area. Leaves of the tree may change colors during the year. Golden Japanese maple The hedge maple is a great choice for the urban garden, as it does well in many difficult environments: drought; acidic, alkaline, or salty soils; shady locations; and climates where there is ozone deficiency. Learn tips for creating your most beautiful (and bountiful) garden ever. It is not a popular landscape tree because it lacks fall color, but the sycamore maple can make a good shade tree and has good tolerance for salty conditions. They can live to be extremely old, with some trees in Ontario being dated at over 1000 years old. Once established, the Amur maple will have some drought resistance. is dispersed by wind. Name: Acer negundo. As the name suggests, the leaves are quite large on this tree. Maples are renowned for their autumn colors; many species put on a display of oranges, browns, yellows, and reds every year. This is another shallow-rooted tree that should be kept away from areas with pipes or paving. Also known as field maple or common maple, the hedge maple is a small- to medium-sized tree that can serve as a shade tree in small landscapes or can be pruned to serve as a hedge plant in larger landscapes.Medium-green foliage gives way to yellow colors in fall. Anishinaabe, Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet), Mi’kmaq, It is usually grown as a small upright tree but can also be grown as a shrub if left unpruned. The information contained here has been taken from “Trees in Canada” (Canadian Forest Service/NRCAN) and “Native Trees of Canada” by Tom Farrar. Acer ginnala is sometimes classified as a subspecies of Tatarian maple, carrying the label Acer tataricum subsp. Vanessa Richins Myers is a seasoned horticulturist, garden writer and educator with 10+ years of experience in the horticulture and gardening space. As well as providing sap for sugar and syrup, some maples have edible inner bark that was formerly eaten fresh or dried, or powdered and used as a thickener in soups or as in ingredient in breads. Fall color also varies according to variety, ranging from greenish-yellow to red to burgundy. The red maple lives up to its name at many points throughout the year. Although there are about 150 known species of maples, only seven. These trees are native to Southwestern Ontario and grow naturally in … Moist soils, from southern Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario south to Florida and New Mexico. Many plant species within a genus have a similar appearance, but there can be surprises, as is the case with hornbeam maple. of maples can be turned into baskets, ropes and even clothing, and the large leaves as a surface for laying food on. In, Turner, Nancy J., "Maple Trees in Canada". The Canadian flag displays a stylized maple leaf, and maple is Canada’s official arboreal emblem. Each encloses a seed and The leaves grow in pairs opposite one another at the stem nodes. Acer negundo (Manitoba maple or box-elder). same point at the base of the leaf. This plant is sensitive to both heat and cold. Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. wings are angled at about 45°. This means that we have trees, shrubs and vines here that have been grown from seed collected in wild sites in Ontario. Greenish-white flowers in spring give way to red samaras, and the fall foliage is yellow or red. The sugar maple is a large tree with a densely rounded crown. Moist woodlands and prairies of western North America, from British Columbia’s central coast south to California. Maples are important food sources for wildlife; the flower nectar and pollen is sought by bees, flies and other insects. As well, insect pests such as the introduced Asian Long-Horn As far as can be determined, the tree is both one of … It does, however, tolerate shade better than most large deciduous trees. This maple is the first choice for those seeking to make maple syrup, as the sap contains a larger percentage of plant sugars than with any other maple species. Most maples are also moisture-seekers, and their roots may infiltrate water pipes or sewer lines if they are planted above them. Rather than the palmate lobes found on the classic maple, this species has lobeless elongated leaves with pointed tips and corrugated texture. Even in zone 5, a severe cold spell in winter can cause severe dieback, and in the southern part of the range, it benefits from some shade to prevent leaf scorch. Landscaping enthusiasts have many options for achieving colorful yards in autumn. Eagleson and R. Hasner, The Maple Syrup Book (2006). Along waterways and rich, moist bottom lands in southeastern Great Lakes and St. Lawrence forest region and through most of eastern US. These native trees are the best choice for tree planting in our area. It does not respond well to compacted soils, road salts, or pollution. Some trees may have leaves sporting several of these colors at once. Fall leaf color is red, with yellows sometimes also appearing. The Freeman’s maple is a hybrid variety with gorgeous colorful foliage that reveals itself at the turn of the season in the fall. Bur oak. Common in hardwood forests in deep, well-drained soils, from Ontario to Maritimes and south in the US to Georgia and Kansas. Some trees grow burls and Fungi and algae are excluded. The leafstalks are long and slender, and the blades palmately veined, meaning each has … In the right settings, this species may become invasive, so before planting it check to make sure it is not a problem in your region. Maple trees come in a wide range of types or forms from smaller growing dwarf species to large trees. Many varieties also develop thick exposed roots that make it hard to mow lawns; these types are better planted in a woodland setting or where the ground around them can be covered with mulch or a living ground cover other than grass. Medium-sized tree; leaves grow up to 15 cm long, with three to five sharply-toothed lobes, and turn brilliant red in the fall; twigs, buds, flowers are bright red; maple key wings are angled at about 60°. Other common names for this tree include broadleaf maple and Oregon maple. Believed to be over 500 years old, the remarkable Comfort Maple reaches a spectacular 80 ft (24.5 m) in height. Medium-sized, dense-crowned tree; leaves have three lobes and are long-stalked, the blades are hairy beneath, and turn orange or yellow-brown in the fall; yellowish-green flowers grow in hanging clusters; maple key wings are only slightly angled. 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